Subject + 给 + Recipient + Verb + Object - Expressing a more informal "for sb / sth..." with "Subject + gěi + Recipient + Verb + Object"
8岁女孩给爷爷买车
她给她的爷爷买了一辆310万元的车。

几 + 天 / 年 - Expressing "several / a few days or years" with "jǐ + tiān / nián" (天 and 年 act as their own measure words)
这几天，中国成都的一个小女孩火了。

Verb / Adverb / Phrase + 的 + Noun - Expressed to link a noun to a preceding verb or phrase with "Verb / Adverb / Phrase + de + Noun"
这几天，中国成都的一个小女孩火了。
她给她的爷爷买了一辆310万元的车。

Measure Word - Expressing the number of sth with an object specific measure word in the form of "Number + Measure Word + Noun" (if the number is one, you can omit it and use the measure word by itself)
这几天，中国成都的一个小女孩火了。

New Situation + 了 - Expressing that there is a change of state or that the action has just happened "now" with "New Situation + le"
这几天，中国成都的一个小女孩火了。

Proper Noun / Noun / Pronoun + 的 + Noun - Expressing a possessive particle, relationship or link with "Proper Noun / Noun / Pronoun + de + Noun"
她的名字叫张莹莹（Zhang Yingying），今年8岁。
她给她的爷爷买了一辆310万元的车。

Subject + 叫 + Name - Expressing sb or sth's name with "Subject + jiào + Name"
她的名字叫张莹莹（Zhang Yingying），今年8岁。

Subject + Number + 岁 - Expressing the age of the subject with "Subject + Number + suì"
她的名字叫张莹莹（Zhang Yingying），今年8岁。

Verb / Verb Phrase + 了 - Expressing that an action has been completed with "Verb / Verb Phrase + le"
她给她的爷爷买了一辆310万元的车。
到现在，她挣了很多钱。

Number + 万 - Expressing sets of ten thousand with "Number + wàn"
她给她的爷爷买了一辆310万元的车。

这 / 那 + Measure Word + Noun - Expressing "this… / that…" with "zhè / nà + Measure Word + Noun"
这个女孩很漂亮，她是一个模特。

Noun / Pronoun + 很 + Adj. - Expressing "very" or to link a noun or pronoun and an adjective with "Noun / Pronoun + hěn + Adj." (sometimes the 很 is translated as "very" but often it is a link between a noun and an adjective)
这个女孩很漂亮，她是一个模特。

Noun 1 + 是 + Noun 2 - Expressing that Noun 1 "is" Noun 2 with "Noun 1 + shì + Noun 2" (是 is only used to link two nouns, it cannot be used to link a noun and an adjective)
这个女孩很漂亮，她是一个模特。

...的时候 /...时 - Expressing "when…" with "...de shí​hou / ...shí​"
在5岁的时候，她就开始工作了。

Subject + Time Phrase + 就 + Verb / Verb Phrase - Expressing that the action has "happened earlier" or "already previously happened" with "Subject + Time Phrase + jiù + Verb / Verb Phrase"
在5岁的时候，她就开始工作了。

到 + Place / Time / Quantity - Expressing "to (a certain place) / until (a certain time) / up to (a certain quantity)" with "dào + Place / Time" (negative formed with 不到)
到现在，她挣了很多钱。

Verb / Adj. + 得 + Degree Complement - Expression links the verb or adjective with a degree complement with "Verb / Adj. + de + Degree Complement"
有人说她做得很好，也有人说她工作太早，会对学习不好。

Statement 1，也 + Statement 2 - Expressing "also" to link two statements with "Statement 1，也 + Statement 2"
有人说她做得很好，也有人说她工作太早，会对学习不好。

太 + Adj. (+ 了) - Expressing "too" to indicate excess with "tài + Adj. (+ le)"
有人说她做得很好，也有人说她工作太早，会对学习不好。

Subject + 会 + Verb / Adverb - Expressing that sth "will" happen or that sb "will" do sth with "Subject + huì + Verb / Adverb"
有人说她做得很好，也有人说她工作太早，会对学习不好。

对 + Object + Verb / Verb Phrase / Adj. - Expressing the action is "to" or "towards" an object or target "duì + Object + Verb / Verb Phrase / Adj."
有人说她做得很好，也有人说她工作太早，会对学习不好。